International Law
Elham Aminzadeh; mersedeh mazloumi; Amirsaed Vakil
Abstract
Recently, water have become important for the economy and population; therefore, managing of these resources and preserving the environment requires multilateral approaches from states and other international actors. This situation is more complicated when a water source is shared between several states; ...
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Recently, water have become important for the economy and population; therefore, managing of these resources and preserving the environment requires multilateral approaches from states and other international actors. This situation is more complicated when a water source is shared between several states; because the amount of water resources is limited and should be distributed fairly among neighboring states. Because of the optimal management and exploitation of water resources, environment preservation and hydropower development, Germany has been the focus of attention in domestic and cross-border dimensions. The main question is “what is the approach in the German legal documents and practical procedure to deal with the conflicts raised in the field of shared water allocation?” Its solutions can be used in other states to solve the problem of how to distribute shared water between opposite and neighboring states. The solutions are found in the legal documents and its practical procedure, which through analyzing them in an analytical method, the principles of reasonable and fair use, assessment of potential, actual and future needs of states and prevention of damage reserves along with cooperation between states are presented. The maximum amount of service to the whole human society has been inferred.
Elham Aminzadeh; zahra sadat shareq
Abstract
One of the conflicting areas of law arising from custom and treaty is manifested in sea. This happens when a state tries to prove its sovereignty on body of waters that is under sovereignty of another state or part of high seas. Conflict of interest in peripheral states of South China Sea was aggravated ...
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One of the conflicting areas of law arising from custom and treaty is manifested in sea. This happens when a state tries to prove its sovereignty on body of waters that is under sovereignty of another state or part of high seas. Conflict of interest in peripheral states of South China Sea was aggravated by claiming historical sovereignty and rights of China based on Nine-Dash Line in the seabed. Philippines referred to the Permanent Court of Arbitration on the Law of the Sea Convention and brought the dispute to the international arena and once again raised the issue of historic waters. Although China didn’t appear before the PCA but the Court by referring to obligation of parties according to the Law of the Sea Convention concluded that the claim of China is on the contrary of its obligation under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, hence refused to accept it.
